REPORTING PROCEDURE

안녕하세요

 

관제권의 인계를 알리는 보고 외에도, 조종사가 ATC로부터 특정한 요청 없이 해야 하는 보고가있습니다.

어떤 것은 ATC와의 Radar 교신과 상관없이 항상 이루어져야 하는 보고들이 있는  반면에, 다른 것들은 Radar 교신을 잃거나 종결되었을 때만 필요합니다. Reporting Procedure에 대해 알아보겠습니다.

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한국

 

Reference. 항공안전법 시행규칙 제 191조(위치보고)

 

 제191조(위치보고) ① 법 제67조에 따라 관제비행을 하는 항공기는 국토교통부장관이 정하여 고시하는 위치통지점에서 가능한 한 신속히 다음 각 호의 사항을 관할 항공교통업무기관에 보고(이하 “위치보고”라 한다)하여야 한다. 다만, 레이더에 의하여 관제를 받는 경우로서 관할 항공교통관제기관이 별도로 위치보고를 요구하지 아니하는 경우에는 그러하지 아니하다.
  1. 항공기의 식별부호
  2. 해당 위치통지점의 통과시각과 고도
  3. 그 밖에 항공기의 안전항행에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사항
  ② 관제비행을 하는 항공기는 비행 중에 관할 항공교통업무기관으로부터 위치보고를 요청받은 경우에는 즉시 위치보고를 하여야 한다.
  ③ 제1항에 따른 위치통지점이 설정되지 아니한 경우에는 관할 항공교통업무기관이 지정한 시간 또는 거리 간격으로 위치보고를 하여야 한다.
  ④ 관제비행을 하는 항공기로서 데이터링크통신을 이용하여 위치보고를 하는 항공기는 관할 항공교통관제기관이 요구하는 경우에는 음성통신을 이용하여 위치보고를 하여야 한다.

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Reference. 항공교통관제절차 5-1-12 위치 보고(Position Reporting)

 

필요시, 관제사는 항공기에게 특정 픽스 상공에서의 도착보고 또는 도착예정 보고를 요구할 수 있다. 항공기가 항공관제기관으로부터 “Radar Contact”을 통보받은 후에는필수보고지점에서 보고를 하지 않는다. 항공교통관제기관(ATC)이 “Radar Contact Lost” 또는 “Radar Service Terminated”를 통보할 때, 통상 위치보고를 하여야 한다.

참고 : 용어의 정의 - 레이더 포착

가. 필요시, 항공로 또는 픽스를 고려한 항공기 위치를 통보한다.

관제용어 : OVER / PASSING (픽스).

(마일 수) MILES FROM (픽스).

(마일 수) MILES (방향) OF (픽스, 항공로, 위치).

CROSSING / JOINING / DEPARTING (항공로 또는 비행로).

INTERCEPTING / CROSSING (항행안전시설 명칭) (특정) RADIAL.

 

나. 필요시, 위치보고 생략지시 및 위치보고를 다시 하도록 지시한다.

관제용어 : OMIT POSITION REPORTS [UNTIL (특정지점 또는 시간)]; RESUME POSITION REPORTING.

 

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ICAO

 

Reference. ICAO DOC 4444

 

4.11 POSITION REPORTING

4.11.1 Transmission of position reports

4.11.1.1 On routes defined by designated significant points, position reports shall be made by the aircraft when over, or as soon as possible after passing, each designated compulsory reporting point

 

4.11.2 Contents of voice position reports 4.11.2.1 The position reports required by 4.11.1.1 and 4.11.1.2 shall contain the following elements of information, except that elements d), e) and f) may be omitted from position reports transmitted by radiotelephony, when so prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements:

 

a) aircraft identification;

b) position;

c) time;

d) flight level or altitude, including passing level and cleared level if not maintaining the cleared level;

e) next position and time over; and

f) ensuing significant point.

 

4.11.2.1.1 Element d), flight level or altitude, shall, however, be included in the initial call after a change of air-ground voice communication channel.

4.11.2.2 When assigned a speed to maintain, the flight crew shall include this speed in their position reports. The assigned speed shall also be included in the initial call after a change of air-ground voice communication channel, whether or not a full position report is required.

Note.— Omission of element d) may be possible when flight level or altitude, as appropriate, derived from pressure-altitude information can be made continuously available to controllers in labels associated with the position indication of aircraft and when adequate procedures have been developed to guarantee the safe and efficient use of this altitude information.

 

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FAA

Reference, AIM 5−3−2. Position Reporting,

14 CFR §91.183, IFR communications, 91.187 Operation under IFR in controlled airspace: Malfunction reports.

 

5−3−2. Position Reporting

The safety and effectiveness of traffic control depends to a large extent on accurate position reporting. In order to provide the proper separation and expedite aircraft movements, ATC must be able to make accurate estimates of the progress of every aircraft operating on an IFR flight plan.

 

a. Position Identification.

1. When a position report is to be made passing a VOR radio facility, the time reported should be the time at which the first complete reversal of the “to/from” indicator is accomplished.

2. When a position report is made passing a facility by means of an airborne ADF, the time reported should be the time at which the indicator makes a complete reversal.

3. When an aural or a light panel indication is used to determine the time passing a reporting point, such as a fan marker, Z marker, cone of silence or intersection of range courses, the time should be noted when the signal is first received and again when it ceases. The mean of these two times should then be taken as the actual time over the fix.

4. If a position is given with respect to distance and direction from a reporting point, the distance and direction should be computed as accurately as possible.

5. Except for terminal area transition purposes, position reports or navigation with reference to aids not established for use in the structure in which flight is being conducted will not normally be required by ATC.

 

b. Position Reporting Points.

CFRs require pilots to maintain a listening watch on the appropriate frequency and, unless operating under the provisions of subparagraph c, to furnish position reports passing certain reporting points. Reporting points are indicated by symbols on en route charts. The designated compulsory reporting point symbol is a solid triangle and the “on request” reporting point symbol is the open triangle . Reports passing an “on request” reporting point are only necessary when requested by ATC.

 

c. Position Reporting Requirements.

 

1. Flights Along Airways or Routes.

A position report is required by all flights regardless of altitude, including those operating in accordance with an ATC clearance specifying “VFR−on−top,” over each designated compulsory reporting point along the route being flown.

 

2. Flights Along a Direct Route.

Regardless of the altitude or flight level being flown, including flights operating in accordance with an ATC clearance specifying “VFR−on−top,” pilots must report over each reporting point used in the flight plan to define the route of flight.

 

3. Flights in a Radar Environment.

When informed by ATC that their aircraft are in “Radar Contact,” pilots should discontinue position reports over designated reporting points. They should resume normal position reporting when ATC advises “RADAR CONTACT LOST” or “RADAR SERVICE TERMINATED.”

 

4. Flights in an Oceanic (Non-radar) Environment.

Pilots must report over each point used in the flight plan to define the route of flight, even if the point is depicted on aeronautical charts as an “on request” (non-compulsory) reporting point. For aircraft providing automatic position reporting via an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract (ADS-C) logon, pilots should discontinue voice position reports.

NOTE− ATC will inform pilots that they are in “radar contact”:

(a) when their aircraft is initially identified in the ATC system; and

(b) when radar identification is reestablished after radar service has been terminated or radar contact lost. Subsequent to being advised that the controller has established radar contact, this fact will not be repeated to the pilot when handed off to another controller. At times, the aircraft identity will be confirmed by the receiving controller; however, this should not be construed to mean that radar contact has been lost. The identity of transponder equipped aircraft will be confirmed by asking the pilot to “ident,” “squawk standby,” or to change codes. Aircraft without transponders will be advised of their position to confirm identity. In this case, the pilot is expected to advise the controller if in disagreement with the position given. Any pilot who cannot confirm the accuracy of the position given because of not being tuned to the NAVAID referenced by the controller, should ask for another radar position relative to the tuned in NAVAID.

 

d. Position Report Items:

1. Position reports should include the following items:

(a) Identification;

(b) Position;

(c) Time;

(d) Altitude or flight level (include actual altitude or flight level when operating on a clearance specifying VFR−on−top);

(e) Type of flight plan (not required in IFR position reports made directly to ARTCCs or approach control);

(f) ETA and name of next reporting point;

(g) The name only of the next succeeding reporting point along the route of flight; and (h) Pertinent remarks.

 

5−3−3. Additional Reports a. The following reports should be made to ATC or FSS facilities without a specific ATC request:

1. At all times.

(a) When vacating any previously assigned altitude or flight level for a newly assigned altitude or flight level.

(b) When an altitude change will be made if operating on a clearance specifying VFR−on−top.

(c) When unable to climb/descend at a rate of a least 500 feet per minute.

(d) When approach has been missed. (Request clearance for specific action; i.e., to alternative airport, another approach, etc.)

(e) Change in the average true airspeed (at cruising altitude) when it varies by 5 percent or 10 knots (whichever is greater) from that filed in the flight plan.

+ ( 추가로 . FAA 영공을 지나는 공해상 부터는 ICAO ANNEX 2 에 따라 아래 내용을 따라야 합니다.

In addition, when complying with speed adjustment assignments, the United States requires pilots to maintain an indicated airspeed within plus or minus 10 knots or 0.02 Mach number of the specified speed. )

 

(f) The time and altitude or flight level upon reaching a holding fix or point to which cleared.

(g) When leaving any assigned holding fix or point.

 

2. When not in radar contact.

 

(a) When leaving final approach fix inbound on final approach (nonprecision approach) or when

leaving the outer marker or fix used in lieu of the outer marker inbound on final approach (precision approach).

 

(b) A corrected estimate at anytime it becomes apparent that an estimate as previously submitted is in error in excess of 2 minutes. For flights in the North Atlantic (NAT), a revised estimate is required if the error is 3 minutes or more. b. Pilots encountering weather conditions which have not been forecast, or hazardous conditions which have been forecast, are expected to forward a report of such weather to ATC

 

+ 추가로 알아야 할 것은 14 CFR에 두가지 항목입니다.

§91.183   IFR communications.

Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, the pilot in command of each aircraft operated under IFR in controlled airspace must ensure that a continuous watch is maintained on the appropriate frequency and must report the following as soon as possible—

(a) The time and altitude of passing each designated reporting point, or the reporting points specified by ATC, except that while the aircraft is under radar control, only the passing of those reporting points specifically requested by ATC need be reported;

(b) Any unforecast weather conditions encountered; and

(c) Any other information relating to the safety of flight.

 

§91.187   Operation under IFR in controlled airspace: Malfunction reports.

(a) The pilot in command of each aircraft operated in controlled airspace under IFR shall report as soon as practical to ATC any malfunctions of navigational, approach, or communication equipment occurring in flight.

 

(b) In each report required by paragraph (a) of this section, the pilot in command shall include the—

 

(1) Aircraft identification;

(2) Equipment affected;

(3) Degree to which the capability of the pilot to operate under IFR in the ATC system is impaired; and

(4) Nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC.